Human needs: Difference between revisions

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= Fundamental Objects of Civilization and Material Dependencies =
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle Particle]'''
* '''Structured elementary particles''' : g1[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle Particle], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion Motion], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction Fundamental interaction], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science Science]]
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlery Cutlery]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothes Clothes]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter Shelter]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress Mattress]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) Table (furniture)]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair Chair]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense Defense]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help Help]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer Information transducer]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processing Information processing]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage Information storer]''' (like disks, like books) : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine Information seeker]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter Information transmitter]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulants Stimulants]''' (like structured elementary particles, like love, like entertainment...) : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure Leisure]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training Training]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet Toilet]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner Cleaner]''' : g1
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation Transportation]''' : g1
<br>
==OPENAI summary==
Human needs are the basic requirements that people have in order to survive and thrive. These needs can be physical, such as food, water, and shelter, or psychological, such as love and companionship.


Physical needs include structured elementary particles, which are the building blocks of matter and are necessary for the functioning of the human body. Other physical needs include cutlery and clothes, which are used for preparing and consuming food and for protecting the body from the elements. Shelter is also a crucial physical need, as it provides a safe and secure place to live.
== Introduction ==
This article presents a structured view of the fundamental objects required for a modern civilization, their material dependencies, and the scientific and technological foundations that make them possible.
It connects everyday needs (shelter, hygiene, transport, tools), information systems (processing, storage, transmission), material constraints (abundant vs rare elements), and indispensable scientific discoveries.


Psychological needs include the need for information and stimulation. Information transducers, such as phones and computers, help people to process, store, and transmit information. Leisure activities, such as entertainment and sports, provide stimulation and enjoyment. Training helps people to learn new skills and improve their abilities.
== 1. Fundamental Objects of Civilization (g1) ==


Other basic human needs include toilets and cleaners for personal hygiene, and transportation for mobility. All of these needs are essential for human survival and well-being.
=== 1.1 Physical and Material Needs ===
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter Shelter]'''
* '''Structured elementary particles'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothes Clothes]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet Toilet]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner Cleaner]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation Transportation]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense Defense]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help Help]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlery Cutlery]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress Mattress]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) Table (furniture)]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair Chair]'''


==TOP WEBSITES==
=== 1.2 Leisure and Formation ===
#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_visited_websites
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure Leisure]'''
{| class="wikitable"
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training Training]'''
!Site
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulants Stimulants]'''
!Domain Name
 
!Similarweb top 50 websites ranking (As of 2023-03)
== 2. Information Chain (functional objects) ==
!Category
 
!Principal country/territory
=== 2.1 Information Transformation ===
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer Information transducer]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processing Information processing]'''
 
=== 2.2 Storage, Search, and Transmission ===
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage Data storage]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine Information seeker]'''
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter Information transmitter]'''
 
== 3. Material Dependencies: AU vs RS ==
 
=== 3.1 Legend ===
* '''AU''' = Abundant / Universal elements
  (CHON + Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K + S, P, Cl + Cu, Zn)
* '''RS''' = Rare / Strategic elements
  (Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, B, F, Li + Nd/Pr/Dy, Co, W, Ag, Au, Ga, As…)
* Score: 0–5 (5 = critical, 0 = negligible)
 
=== 3.2 Dependency Table by Object (g1) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Item (g1)
! AU (elements + score)
! RS (elements + score)
! Notes
|-
| Shelter
| Si,O,Al,Ca,Fe,Mg,C,H (5)
| Cr,Ni,Ti,B (3)
| Concrete, glass, ceramics, steel; alloys if available
|-
| Structured elementary particles
| C,H,O,N,Si,Fe,Al (5)
| Ti,Cr,Ni,B (2)
| Robust material structures without high technology
|-
| Clothes
| C,H,O,N,S (5)
| F,Ti (2)
| Fibers and treatments; F for membranes
|-
|-
|Google Search
| Toilet
|google.com
| Si,O,Al,Ca,Fe,C,H (5)
|1 (steady)
| Cr,Ni,Cu (3)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Search Engines
| Ceramics and plumbing; stainless steel preferred
|United States
|-
|-
|YouTube
| Cleaner
|youtube.com
| H,O,Na,Cl,C,S (5)
|2 (steady)
| F,P (2)
|Arts & Entertainment > Streaming & Online TV
| Bases, salts, solvents; P for advanced detergents
|United States
|-
|-
|Facebook
| Transportation
|facebook.com
| Fe,Al,Si,C,O,Cu (5)
|3 (steady)
| Ni,Cr,Ti,Mn,Li (4)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Social Media Networks
| Alloys, wiring; Li for electric systems
|United States
|-
|-
|Yahoo
| Defense
|yahoo.com
| Fe,C,Al,Si (4)
|9 (steady)
| Ti,Cr,Ni,W (4)
|News & Media Publishers
| W for high density
|United States
|-
|-
|xVideos
| Help
|xvideos.com
| Fe,C,H,O,N,Ca,Na,Cl (5)
|11 (steady)
| Cu,Zn,Ag (2)
|Adult
| Hygiene and basic tools
|France
|-
|-
|Amazon
| Information transducer
|amazon.com
| Si,O,Al,Fe,C,Cu (4)
|13 (steady)
| B,Ga (4)
|eCommerce & Shopping > Marketplace
| Sensors and actuators need dopants
|United States
|-
|-
|Wikipedia
| Information processing
|wikipedia.org
| Si,O,Al,C,Cu (4)
|7 (steady)
| B,P,As,Ga (5)
|Reference Materials > Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
| Computing depends on doping and fine processes
|United States
|-
|-
|Live
| Data storage
|live.com
| C,H,O (paper), Fe (magnetic), Si,O (glass) (4)
|15 (steady)
| Co,Ni,Nd (4)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Email
| High-end storage requires Co/Ni and magnets
|United States
|-
|-
|Docomo
| Information seeker
|docomo.ne.jp
| Si,Al,Cu,C (4)
|17 (increase 1)
| Li,Ni,Co,Nd (4)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Telecommunications
| Compute, energy, interconnects
|Japan
|-
|-
|OpenAI
| Information transmitter
|openai.com
| Cu,Al,Si,O (5)
|21 (increase 10)
| Ag,Au (2)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Computers Electronics and Technology - Other
| Copper/aluminum + fiber sufficient
|United States
|-
|-
|Office
| Stimulants
|office.com
| C,H,O,N,S,P (5)
|22 (increase 1)
| — (0)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Programming and Developer Software
| Organic chemistry and nutrition
|United States
|-
|-
|Zen News
| Leisure
|dzen.ru
| C,H,O,N,Si,Fe,Al (4)
|24 (increase 1)
| Cu,Li,Nd (2)
|Community and Society > Community and Society - Other
| Electronics optional
|Russia
|-
|-
|Samsung
| Training
|samsung.com
| C,H,O,N,Si (4)
|29 (increase 5)
| Cu,Li (2)
|Computers Electronics and Technology > Consumer Electronics
| Media and tools
|South Korea
|-
|-
|The Weather Channel
| Cutlery
|weather.com
| Fe,C (5)
|33 (increase 3)
| Cr,Ni (4)
|Science and Education > Weather
| Stainless steel upgrade
|United States
|-
|-
|Twitch
| Mattress
|twitch.tv
| C,H,O,N (5)
|35 (increase 3)
| Si (1)
|Games > Video Games Consoles and Accessories
| Foams, latex, fibers
|United States
|-
|-
|Bilibili
| Table (furniture)
|bilibili.com
| C,H,O or Fe/Al or Si,O (glass) (5)
|37 (steady)
| Cr,Ni,Ti (1)
|Arts & Entertainment > Animation and Comics
| Easily built with abundant elements
|China
|-
|-
|Fandom
| Chair
|fandom.com
| C,H,O or Fe/Al (5)
|46 (steady)
| Ti,Cr (1)
|Arts & Entertainment > Arts and Entertainment - Other
| Abundant elements sufficient
|United States
|}
|}


ynotopec at gmail.com (mail me)
== 4. Rare / Strategic Elements (RS) and Sourcing ==


==Article écrit par ChatGPT4 avec les mots du premier paragraphe==
=== 4.1 Main RS Elements and Producing Countries ===
Titre : L'évolution de la maison et de la technologie : un aperçu historique
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! RS element
! Main use
! Main sourcing countries
|-
| Cr (Chromium)
| Stainless steel, corrosion resistance
| South Africa; Kazakhstan; India; Turkey
|-
| Ni (Nickel)
| Stainless steel, batteries
| Indonesia; Philippines; Russia; Canada; Australia; New Caledonia; Brazil
|-
| Ti (Titanium)
| Light and strong alloys
| China; Mozambique; South Africa; Australia; Canada; India
|-
| Mn (Manganese)
| Steelmaking, batteries
| South Africa; Gabon; Australia; China; India
|-
| B (Boron)
| Glass and steel modifier
| Turkey; USA; Argentina; Chile; Russia; China
|-
| F (Fluorspar)
| Fluorochemicals, batteries
| China; Mexico; Mongolia; South Africa; Vietnam
|-
| Li (Lithium)
| Batteries, energy storage
| Australia; Chile; Argentina; China; Zimbabwe; Canada; Brazil
|-
| Co (Cobalt)
| Batteries, alloys
| DR Congo; Indonesia; Russia; Australia; Philippines; Cuba
|-
| W (Tungsten)
| Hardness, density
| China; Vietnam; Russia; Rwanda; Spain; Austria; Bolivia; Portugal
|-
| Ga (Gallium)
| RF and power electronics
| China; Japan; South Korea; Russia
|-
| Nd/Pr/Dy
| Permanent magnets
| China; Australia; USA; Myanmar
|}


Introduction
== 5. Minimal RS Subsets by Civilization Type ==
* '''Durable everyday civilization''' : Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, B
* '''Electronics-heavy civilization''' : Ga, Nd/Pr/Dy, Li, Co, Cu
* '''Extreme density and hardness''' : W


Le développement de la civilisation humaine a été marqué par des progrès continus dans divers aspects de la vie quotidienne, notamment le logement, les vêtements et la technologie. Cet article fournira un aperçu historique de ces progrès, soulignant l'impact de diverses inventions et innovations qui ont façonné la vie moderne.
== 6. Examples of Global Information Infrastructure ==


Abri et mobilier
=== 6.1 Most Visited Websites (functional classification) ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
Des abris rudimentaires de l'Antiquité aux maisons d'aujourd'hui, le concept d'abri a considérablement évolué. Les premiers humains comptaient sur des grottes et des structures simples faites de matériaux naturels pour se protéger des éléments. Au fil du temps, les conceptions architecturales sont devenues plus sophistiquées, incorporant différents matériaux et techniques pour construire des maisons robustes et esthétiques.
! Website !! Type
 
|-
Le mobilier a également évolué parallèlement à l'abri. Les articles de base tels que les tables, les chaises et les matelas font désormais partie intégrante de la vie moderne, offrant confort et soutien pour les activités quotidiennes. L'utilisation de matériaux comme le bois, le métal et le plastique a permis des conceptions de meubles plus diversifiées et fonctionnelles.
| [https://www.google.com Google] || Search engine
 
|-
Vêtements et objets personnels
| [https://www.youtube.com YouTube] || Video sharing
 
|-
Au fur et à mesure que la civilisation humaine a progressé, la variété et la fonctionnalité des vêtements ont également progressé. Des simples vêtements en peaux d'animaux à la gamme variée de matériaux vestimentaires modernes, la mode a parcouru un long chemin. En plus de procurer chaleur et protection, le vêtement est devenu un moyen d'expression de soi et d'identité culturelle.
| [https://www.facebook.com Facebook] || Social media
 
|-
Les objets personnels tels que les couverts et les articles de toilette ont également subi des changements importants au fil du temps. Les premiers humains utilisaient des outils de base en pierre, en os ou en bois, alors que les couverts d'aujourd'hui sont souvent fabriqués à partir d'acier inoxydable ou d'autres matériaux durables. Les articles de toilette, tels que le papier hygiénique et les produits d'hygiène personnelle, sont devenus essentiels pour maintenir la propreté et la santé.
| [https://www.chatgpt.com ChatGPT] || Chatbot
 
|-
Technologie et sciences
| [https://www.whatsapp.com WhatsApp] || Instant messaging
|-
| [https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] || Encyclopedia
|-
| [https://www.yahoo.co.jp Yahoo! Japan] || News
|-
| [https://www.amazon.com Amazon] || Marketplace
|-
| [https://bet.br BET.br] || Gambling
|-
| [https://www.office.com Microsoft 365] || Software
|-
| [https://www.netflix.com Netflix] || Streaming
|-
| [https://www.pornhub.com Pornhub] || Adult content
|-
| [https://www.live.com Live] || Email
|-
| [https://www.twitch.tv Twitch] || Livestreaming
|-
| [https://www.samsung.com Samsung] || Consumer electronics
|-
| [https://www.weather.com Weather] || Weather
|-
| [https://www.fandom.com Fandom] || Wiki hosting
|-
| [https://www.stripchat.com Stripchat] || Adult camming
|-
| [https://www.zoom.com Zoom] || Videoconferencing
|-
| [https://www.nytimes.com New York Times] || News media
|-
| [https://www.espn.com ESPN] || Sports
|-
| [https://www.roblox.com Roblox] || Gaming platform
|}


Tout au long de l'histoire, les humains ont fait des progrès remarquables dans la technologie et la science. Certaines des inventions les plus remarquables incluent la roue, qui a révolutionné le transport ; l'imprimerie, qui a facilité la diffusion des connaissances ; et Internet, qui a transformé la communication et le partage d'informations.
== 7. Open Source Trend (examples) ==
* [https://github.com/Stability-AI/StableCascade StableCascade] — image generation model


Dans le domaine de la science, la découverte de particules fondamentales et le développement de théories scientifiques ont façonné notre compréhension du monde. Les innovations dans des domaines tels que le traitement informatique, la navigation et le stockage de données ont également eu un impact significatif sur la vie moderne.
== 8. Scientific Discoveries Still Indispensable Today (Post-1700) ==


Éducation et divertissement
=== 18th century ===
* 1712–1781 — Steam engine
* 1796 — Vaccination
* Late 18th century — Modern chemistry


L'éducation est depuis longtemps la pierre angulaire du développement humain. Les premières formes d'éducation reposaient sur les traditions orales et la narration, alors que les systèmes éducatifs d'aujourd'hui impliquent généralement des programmes structurés, des livres et des ressources numériques. La disponibilité généralisée de l'information et la facilité de sa recherche ont permis à un plus grand nombre de personnes d'accéder à l'éducation et d'acquérir des connaissances.
=== 19th century ===
* 1800 — Electric battery
* 1824–1870 — Thermodynamics
* 1831–1860 — Electromagnetism
* 1846–1847 — Modern anesthesia
* 1850–1880 — Germ theory and asepsis
* 1865 — Genetics
* 1869 — Periodic table
* 1895 — X-rays
* 1897 — Electron


Le divertissement a également évolué au fil du temps, passant de simples activités de loisirs comme la narration et la peinture à des formes complexes de médias et d'expériences axées sur la technologie. L'invention du phonographe, des films cinématographiques et des jeux vidéo, entre autres, a fourni de nouvelles façons aux gens de s'adonner à des activités de loisirs et d'exprimer leur créativité.
=== 20th century ===
* 1900–1930 — Quantum mechanics
* 1905–1915 — Relativity
* 1909–1913 — Haber–Bosch process
* 1928 — Antibiotics
* 1947 — Transistor
* 1948 — Information theory
* 1953 — DNA structure
* 1958–1959 — Integrated circuit
* 1960 — Laser
* 1960s–1980s — Internet
* 1970s — Modern cryptography
* 1983 — PCR


Conclusion
=== 21st century ===
* 2012 — CRISPR
* 2010s — Deep learning


L'évolution de la maison et de la technologie a été marquée par des avancées et des innovations continues. Du développement du logement et du mobilier à la croissance de l'éducation et du divertissement, la civilisation humaine a parcouru un long chemin pour façonner le monde que nous connaissons aujourd'hui. Ces progrès ont non seulement amélioré notre qualité de vie, mais ont également ouvert la voie à un avenir rempli d'un potentiel infini de croissance et de découverte.
== 9. Notes and Limits ==
* Refining is often more critical than extraction
* Some RS elements can be substituted at performance cost
* Recycling partially reduces RS dependency but does not eliminate it

Latest revision as of 17:19, 31 January 2026

Fundamental Objects of Civilization and Material Dependencies

Introduction

This article presents a structured view of the fundamental objects required for a modern civilization, their material dependencies, and the scientific and technological foundations that make them possible. It connects everyday needs (shelter, hygiene, transport, tools), information systems (processing, storage, transmission), material constraints (abundant vs rare elements), and indispensable scientific discoveries.

1. Fundamental Objects of Civilization (g1)

1.1 Physical and Material Needs

1.2 Leisure and Formation

2. Information Chain (functional objects)

2.1 Information Transformation

2.2 Storage, Search, and Transmission

3. Material Dependencies: AU vs RS

3.1 Legend

  • AU = Abundant / Universal elements
 (CHON + Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K + S, P, Cl + Cu, Zn)
  • RS = Rare / Strategic elements
 (Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, B, F, Li + Nd/Pr/Dy, Co, W, Ag, Au, Ga, As…)
  • Score: 0–5 (5 = critical, 0 = negligible)

3.2 Dependency Table by Object (g1)

Item (g1) AU (elements + score) RS (elements + score) Notes
Shelter Si,O,Al,Ca,Fe,Mg,C,H (5) Cr,Ni,Ti,B (3) Concrete, glass, ceramics, steel; alloys if available
Structured elementary particles C,H,O,N,Si,Fe,Al (5) Ti,Cr,Ni,B (2) Robust material structures without high technology
Clothes C,H,O,N,S (5) F,Ti (2) Fibers and treatments; F for membranes
Toilet Si,O,Al,Ca,Fe,C,H (5) Cr,Ni,Cu (3) Ceramics and plumbing; stainless steel preferred
Cleaner H,O,Na,Cl,C,S (5) F,P (2) Bases, salts, solvents; P for advanced detergents
Transportation Fe,Al,Si,C,O,Cu (5) Ni,Cr,Ti,Mn,Li (4) Alloys, wiring; Li for electric systems
Defense Fe,C,Al,Si (4) Ti,Cr,Ni,W (4) W for high density
Help Fe,C,H,O,N,Ca,Na,Cl (5) Cu,Zn,Ag (2) Hygiene and basic tools
Information transducer Si,O,Al,Fe,C,Cu (4) B,Ga (4) Sensors and actuators need dopants
Information processing Si,O,Al,C,Cu (4) B,P,As,Ga (5) Computing depends on doping and fine processes
Data storage C,H,O (paper), Fe (magnetic), Si,O (glass) (4) Co,Ni,Nd (4) High-end storage requires Co/Ni and magnets
Information seeker Si,Al,Cu,C (4) Li,Ni,Co,Nd (4) Compute, energy, interconnects
Information transmitter Cu,Al,Si,O (5) Ag,Au (2) Copper/aluminum + fiber sufficient
Stimulants C,H,O,N,S,P (5) — (0) Organic chemistry and nutrition
Leisure C,H,O,N,Si,Fe,Al (4) Cu,Li,Nd (2) Electronics optional
Training C,H,O,N,Si (4) Cu,Li (2) Media and tools
Cutlery Fe,C (5) Cr,Ni (4) Stainless steel upgrade
Mattress C,H,O,N (5) Si (1) Foams, latex, fibers
Table (furniture) C,H,O or Fe/Al or Si,O (glass) (5) Cr,Ni,Ti (1) Easily built with abundant elements
Chair C,H,O or Fe/Al (5) Ti,Cr (1) Abundant elements sufficient

4. Rare / Strategic Elements (RS) and Sourcing

4.1 Main RS Elements and Producing Countries

RS element Main use Main sourcing countries
Cr (Chromium) Stainless steel, corrosion resistance South Africa; Kazakhstan; India; Turkey
Ni (Nickel) Stainless steel, batteries Indonesia; Philippines; Russia; Canada; Australia; New Caledonia; Brazil
Ti (Titanium) Light and strong alloys China; Mozambique; South Africa; Australia; Canada; India
Mn (Manganese) Steelmaking, batteries South Africa; Gabon; Australia; China; India
B (Boron) Glass and steel modifier Turkey; USA; Argentina; Chile; Russia; China
F (Fluorspar) Fluorochemicals, batteries China; Mexico; Mongolia; South Africa; Vietnam
Li (Lithium) Batteries, energy storage Australia; Chile; Argentina; China; Zimbabwe; Canada; Brazil
Co (Cobalt) Batteries, alloys DR Congo; Indonesia; Russia; Australia; Philippines; Cuba
W (Tungsten) Hardness, density China; Vietnam; Russia; Rwanda; Spain; Austria; Bolivia; Portugal
Ga (Gallium) RF and power electronics China; Japan; South Korea; Russia
Nd/Pr/Dy Permanent magnets China; Australia; USA; Myanmar

5. Minimal RS Subsets by Civilization Type

  • Durable everyday civilization : Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, B
  • Electronics-heavy civilization : Ga, Nd/Pr/Dy, Li, Co, Cu
  • Extreme density and hardness : W

6. Examples of Global Information Infrastructure

6.1 Most Visited Websites (functional classification)

Website Type
Google Search engine
YouTube Video sharing
Facebook Social media
ChatGPT Chatbot
WhatsApp Instant messaging
Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Yahoo! Japan News
Amazon Marketplace
BET.br Gambling
Microsoft 365 Software
Netflix Streaming
Pornhub Adult content
Live Email
Twitch Livestreaming
Samsung Consumer electronics
Weather Weather
Fandom Wiki hosting
Stripchat Adult camming
Zoom Videoconferencing
New York Times News media
ESPN Sports
Roblox Gaming platform

7. Open Source Trend (examples)

8. Scientific Discoveries Still Indispensable Today (Post-1700)

18th century

  • 1712–1781 — Steam engine
  • 1796 — Vaccination
  • Late 18th century — Modern chemistry

19th century

  • 1800 — Electric battery
  • 1824–1870 — Thermodynamics
  • 1831–1860 — Electromagnetism
  • 1846–1847 — Modern anesthesia
  • 1850–1880 — Germ theory and asepsis
  • 1865 — Genetics
  • 1869 — Periodic table
  • 1895 — X-rays
  • 1897 — Electron

20th century

  • 1900–1930 — Quantum mechanics
  • 1905–1915 — Relativity
  • 1909–1913 — Haber–Bosch process
  • 1928 — Antibiotics
  • 1947 — Transistor
  • 1948 — Information theory
  • 1953 — DNA structure
  • 1958–1959 — Integrated circuit
  • 1960 — Laser
  • 1960s–1980s — Internet
  • 1970s — Modern cryptography
  • 1983 — PCR

21st century

  • 2012 — CRISPR
  • 2010s — Deep learning

9. Notes and Limits

  • Refining is often more critical than extraction
  • Some RS elements can be substituted at performance cost
  • Recycling partially reduces RS dependency but does not eliminate it
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